| A | B |
|---|
| maize | The discovery of this turned nomads into farmers. |
| arrival of the Europeans. | In the 1500s the ways of life for Native Americans changed forever because of the |
| form communities. | Agriculture allowed early Americans to |
| an explorer and author. | Marco Polo was |
| Renaissance. | The historical period of intellectual and artistic creativity is known as the |
| Martin Luther | This man believed that faith rather than good deeds was the way to heaven. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | This explorer's crew was the first to sail around the world. |
| tobacco. | The Jamestown settlers saved their colony by planting |
| pacifists. | People who refuse to use force or fight in wars are called |
| missions. | Religious settlements established in California by the Spanish are called |
| a militia. | Groups of civilians trained to fight in emergencies are called |
| Great Awakening. | In the 1730s and 1740s, a religious revival swept through the colonies, called the |
| slaves. | Labor for the Southern rice fields was provided by |
| Britain | The Treaty of Paris marked the end of power in North America for this country. |
| the Middle Passage. | The leg of the triangular trade route in which enslaved Africans were shipped to the West Indies was known as |
| source of funds. | The king and Parliament viewed the American colonies as a |
| George III | This man opposed any compromise with the American colonists. |
| Thomas Jefferson. | The man who wrote the Declaration of Independence was |
| Patriots | This was the name given to Americans who supported independence. |
| republic. | A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives is called a |
| George Washington. | The presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention was |
| federal system. | The Constitution created a government that divided powers between the national government and the states. This form of government is called a |
| Articles of Confederation. | America's first constitution was called the |
| Northwest Ordinance | This ordinance created a single territory out of the lands north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River. |
| Enlightenment. | The movement that spread the idea the knowledge, reason, and science could improve society was called the |
| Bill of Rights. | The first 10 amendments that were added to the Constitution are the |
| national debt. | The amount the nation's government owes is called the |
| judicial review. | The Supreme Court reviewing and ruling on acts of other branches of the government is called |
| France. | The Louisiana Territory was purchased from |
| Lewis and Clark | These men led the expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory. |
| Great Britain. | The changes in the way goods were made in the mid-1700s first appeared in |
| Industrial Revolution. | The revolution that changed the way people worked was the |
| technology. | The application of scientific discoveries to practical use is called |
| Eli Whitney | This person invented the cotton gin. |
| Francis Cabot Lowell | This man's mill launched the factory system. |
| secede. | Some Southerners wanted to break away from the United States or to |
| the spoils system. | The practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidate's supporters became known as |
| Andrew Jackson | This man and federal troops led the Cherokee west in the Trail of Tears. |
| the Alamo | About the defenders of this place, Santa Anna said, The Texans fought more like devils than like men.' |
| vigilantes | This group took the law into their own hands in Gold Rush society. |
| Rio Grande | The United States insisted this was the border between the United States and Mexico. |
| Gold Rush | This ended in a few years but had long-lasting effects on California's economy. |
| Brigham Young | This man led the Mormon migration to the Great Salt Lake area. |
| trade unions | Workers formed these organizations with other workers of the same skills. |
| Ireland | Famine caused people from this country to immigrate to the United States. |
| cotton | This was "king" and the main topic of conversation in the South. |
| Transcendentalists. | Writers Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau were known as |
| suffrage movement | Women fighting to end slavery recognized their own bondage and formed this movement. |
| Second Great Awakening. | In the early 1800s stirring the nation was a wave of religious fervor known as the |
| temperance | This movement called for drinking little or no alcohol. |
| Frederick Douglass | This powerful and influential writer and speaker purchased his freedom from the slaveholder he had fled. |
| Underground Railroad. | The network of escape routes out of the South for enslaved people came to be called the |
| Harriet Tubman | Slaveholders offered a large reward for this Underground Railroad conductor's capture or death. |
| Illinois | In the congressional election of 1858, the Senate race in this state was the center of national attention. |
| slavery. | The main topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | This book by Harriet Beecher Stowe showed slavery as a brutal, cruel system. |
| habeas corpus | This guarantees accused individuals the right to a hearing before being jailed. |
| Emancipation Proclamation. | On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed the ___ which promoted the freedom of slaves. |
| Reconstruction. | After the Civil War the period of rebuilding the South was called |
| Fourteenth Amendment | This grants full citizenship to all individuals born in the United States. |
| George Armstrong Custer | Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated this Civil War veteran and his forces. |
| Ghost Dance | Wovoka, a prophet, claimed this would restore the Sioux to their greatness. |
| economy. | The fast-growing national rail system encouraged the expansion of the |
| Thomas Alva Edison | This inventor received more than 1,000 patents in his lifetime. |
| Wilbur Wright | He was the first to fly in an engine-powered plane. |
| Andrew Carnegie | This steel company owner was a great philanthropist. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | This man invented the telephone. |
| Henry Ford | This man pioneered the assembly line. |
| Andrew Carnegie | This philanthropist built more than 2,000 libraries worldwide. |
| Haymarket Riot | Antilabor feeling grew stronger after this bloody clash in Chicago. |
| Angel Island. | Most Asian immigrants went through the processing center on |
| Hull House | This settlement house was founded by Jane Addams. |
| Thomas Edison. | Moving pictures |
| tenements | Many immigrants lived in these urban apartment slums. |
| Nineteenth Amendment | This amendment to the Constitution gives women the right to vote. |
| Theodore Roosevelt. | The 1912 Bull Moose Party presidential candidate was |
| Eighteenth Amendment | This amendment to the Constitution made it illegal to make, transport, or sell alcohol in the United States. |
| isolationism. | Noninvolvement in world affairs is called |
| Theodore Roosevelt | His belief in expansionism led to the building of the Panama Canal. |
| Matthew Perry | This man's visit to Japan led to the Treaty of Kanagawa. |
| Queen Liliuokalani | This ruler wanted Hawaiians to regain economic control of their islands. |
| nationalism. | A feeling of intense loyalty to one's country or group is called |
| socialists. | People who believe industries should be publicly owned are called |
| ethnic group. | People who share a common language and traditions are part of the same |
| an alliance system. | Defense agreements among nations are called |
| the gross national product. | The total value of all goods and services produced in a country is called |
| Zora Neale Hurston | This writer came out of the Harlem Renaissance. |
| Great Depression. | In the 1930s the United States went into a severe economic state called the |
| public works projects. | In 1931 President Herbert Hoover authorized spending on highways, parks, and libraries, or |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | This person was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "eyes and ears." |
| Ralph Bunche | This member of Roosevelt's Black Cabinet worked for the State Department. |
| soap operas. | Daytime radio shows sponsored by laundry detergents earned the nickname |
| Dorothea Lange | This photographer took gripping photographs of migrant workers. |
| Social Security Act | This act provided monthly pensions for retired people. |
| just around the corner. | President Herbert Hoover believed the Great Depression was only temporary and that prosperity was |
| Brain Trust | Franklin Roosevelt counted on this group to help him guide the nation to recovery. |
| Grant Wood | This painter showed ordinary people confronting the hardships of Depression life. |
| court-packing plan | What unpopular action did Roosevelt use to keep the New Deal from being undone? |
| Pearl Harbor | This was the worst defeat in the United States military history. |
| Japan | The first atomic bomb was dropped by the Americans on this country. |
| Jews | Genocide was the "final solution" used by the Nazis against 6 million of this group of people in the Holocaust. |
| United Nations. | On June 26, 1945, in San Francisco, California, 50 nations signed the charter creating the |
| Israel | This new Jewish state was created by dividing Palestine. |
| standard of living. | The economic boom of the 1950s raised the |
| public buses | This boycott helped pave the way for the successes of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. |
| segregation. | The NAACP worked to end |
| Fourteenth Amendment | Thurgood Marshall argued before the Supreme Court that segregated schools violated this amendment to the Constitution. |
| civil disobedience. | The refusal to obey laws that are considered unjust is called |
| John F. Kennedy | This man said, 'Ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.' |
| NOW | This organization fought for equal rights for women in all aspects of life. |
| a boycott of city buses. | The arrest of Rosa Parks led to |
| Martin Luther King | Jr. |
| was never ratified. | The Equal Rights Amendment |
| counterculture. | The radical ideas of many young people in the 1960s created a |
| Panama Canal in Panama | To end Latin American bitterness over this issue, Carter turned its control over to its country's government. |
| Watergate | This scandal forced President Richard M. Nixon to resign. |
| deregulation | President Ronald Reagan followed this policy of cutting rules and regulations that government agencies placed on businesses. |
| Asia and Latin America. | By the 1990s the greatest number of immigrants to the United States came from |
| archaeology. | The study of ancient peoples is called |
| the Columbian Exchange. | The voyages of Christopher Columbus led to contact and an exchange between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas called |
| Spanish missionaries. | The founders of the California missions were the |
| Thomas Jefferson | He wrote the Declaration of Independence. |
| Independence Hall. | The Constitutional Convention and the signing of the Declaration of Independence took place in |
| a tariff. | A tax on imported goods is called |
| census. | The official count of the population of the United States is called a |
| Manifest Destiny. | The belief that the United States was set apart to extend its boundaries to the Pacific was called |
| Gadsden Purchase | With this purchase the continental United States reached its present size. |
| civil war | This is a war between citizens of the same country. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Because of this inventor, you can talk to your friends on the phone. |
| Henry Ford | This industrialist created the assembly line and the Model T. |
| monopoly. | Having total control of an industry is called a |
| Ellis Island. | European immigrants coming to the East Coast entered through |
| Nineteenth Amendment | This constitutional amendment gave women the right to vote. |
| imperialism. | When powerful nations create large empires by controlling the economy and politics of weaker nations it is called |
| anarchy | This word means disorder and lawlessness. |
| deported. | To be expelled from the United States is to be |
| capitalism. | Because the United States bases its economy on free enterprise and private propert,y its economic system is called |
| a recession. | An economic downturn is called |
| the Great Depression. | In the 1930s the United States went into a severe economic crisis called |
| radio | President Franklin Roosevelt gave fireside chats through this mass medium. |
| Sputnik. | The first satellite into space was |
| Thurgood Marshall | This NAACP lawyer later became the first African American to sit on the Supreme Court. |
