| A | B |
|---|
| the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. | activation energy |
| the specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme. | active site |
| a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. | catalyst |
| the chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared by two atoms. | covalent |
| special proteins, which are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. | enzymes |
| a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom. | hydrogen bond |
| an electrical attraction formed between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. | ionic bond |
| the substance formed during a chemical reaction. | product |
| the starting substance for a chemical reaction. | reactant |
| the reactant that bind to an enzyme. | substrates |
| the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances. | chemical reaction |
| a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine. | compound |
| the energy that must be provided to compounds to result in a chemical reaction | activation energy |
| a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. | catalyst |
| a special protein produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. | enzyme |
| proteins that act as biological catalysts (biocatalysts). | enzyme |
| occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance | chemical change |
| hanges affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition | physical change |
| number of atoms of each element on reactant side equal the number of atoms of each element on product side of the equation | balanced equation |
| matter cannot be created or destroyed, only changed or transformed | law of conservation of mass |
| a number or figure put before a chemical formula to indicate how many times the formula is to be multiplied | coefficient |
| water changing from liquid to solid | physical change |
| salt (solute) dissolving in water (solvent) | physical change |
| oxidation of metal | chemical change |
| type of reaction that releases energy in the form of heat | exothermic |
| affix for outside | exo |
| affix for heat energy | therm |
| affix for within, inside, internal | endo |
| type of reaction that absorbs heat energy | endothermic |
| affix "-ase" | enzyme |
| a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity as a catalyst | cofactor |
| organic nonprotein molecules that bind with the protein molecule | coenzyme |
| enzymes are no longer active and cannot function | denatured |
| stomach enzyme that begins protein digestion, works best in acidic conditions | pepsin |
| number lower right of an element that tells the number of atoms of that element | subscript |
| large number in front of an element or compound that indicates the number of molecules involved in the reaction | coefficient |
| proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions | enzyme |
| The part of an enzyme where the substrate molecule binds | active site |
| the energy required to be supplied to the chemicals before the reaction will start | activation energy |
| Require energy to build new molecules from simpler molecules | anabolic reactions |
| reaction that break down molecules and gain their energy | catabolic reactions |
| What are the four factors that affect rate of reaction? | - high temperature - pH - enzyme concentration - substrate concentration |
| An organic molecule that participates in the reaction but is changed by it They also act as carries for many chemical groups to different enzymes | coenzyme |
| process modifying the molecular structure of a protein by breaking weak bonds | denaturation |
| energy needed to initiate a reaction | activation energy |
