| A | B |
| cataract | a waterfall or rapids in a river |
| delta | a fan-shaped area of silt near where a river flows into the sea |
| papyrus | a reed plant that grew wild along the Nile River |
| shadoof | a bucket attached to a long pole used to transfer river water to storage basins |
| hieroglyphics | a writing system made up of a combination of pictures and sound symbols |
| dynasty | a line of rulers from one family |
| theocracy | government by religious leaders |
| pharaoh | a ruler of ancient Egypt |
| bureaucrat | a government official |
| embalming | a process of treating a body to keep it from decaying |
| pyramid | great stone tomb built for an Egyptian pharaoh |
| incense | a material that produces a pleasant smell when burned |
| envoy | a government representative to another country |
| savannah | flat grassland in a tropical or subtropical region |
| textile | woven cloth |