| A | B |
|---|
| peninsula | a piece of land nearly surrounded by water |
| bard | someone who writes or performs epic poems or stories about heroes and their deeds |
| colony | a group of people living in a new territory who have ties to their homeland; the new territory itself |
| polis | a Greek city-state |
| agora | a gathering place; marketplace in ancient Greece |
| tyrant | an absolute ruler unrestrained by law |
| oligarchy | a government in which a small group has control |
| democracy | a government by the people |
| helots | enslaved people in ancient Sparta |
| ephor | a high-ranked government official in Sparta who elected by the council of elders |
| satrapy | the Persian territory governed by an official known as a satrap |
| satrap | the governor of a province in Persia |
| Zoroastrianism | a Persian religion based on the belief in one god |
| direct democracy | a form of democracy in which all citizens can participate firsthand in the decision-making process |
| representative democracy | a form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf |
| philospopher | a person who searches for wisdom or enlightenment |
| myth | a traditional story that explains the practices or beliefs of people, or something in the natural world |
| ritual | words or actions that are part of a religious ceremony |
| oracle | a sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess |
| fable | a story meant to teach a lesson |
| oral tradition | the custom of passing a long stories by speech |
| drama | a story written in the form of a play |
| tragedy | a play or film in which characters fail to overcome serious problems |
| comedy | a play or film that tells a humorous story |
| rhetoric | the art of speaking and debate |
| Sophists | Greek teachers of philosophy, reasoning, and public speaking |
| Socratic method | philosophical method of questioning to gain truth |
| Hippocratic Oath | a set of promises about patient care that new doctors make when they start practicing medicine |
| calvary | a part of the army in which the soldiers ride horses |
| Hellenistic Era | the time period following the death of Alexander during which Greek culture spread through the known world |
| Epicureanism | the philosophy of Epicurus, stating that the purpose of life is to look for happiness and purpose of life is to look for happiness and peace |
| Stoicism | the philosophy of the Stoics who believed that people should not try to feel joy or sadness |
| circumference | the outer border of a circle; the measurement of that border |
| plane geometry | a branch of mathematics centered around measurement and relationships of points, lines, angles, and surfaces of figures on a plane |
| solid geometry | a branch of mathematics about measurement and relationships of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids in three-dimensional space |
