| A | B |
|---|
| civilization | a complex society |
| city-state | a city that is independent and has its own government |
| empire | a group of many different lands under one rule |
| parallel | side by side |
| surplus | an amount that is left over after a need has been met |
| consist | to be made up of |
| patriarchy | a society dominated by men |
| polytheism | a belief in more than one god |
| ziggurat | a pyramid-shaped structure with a temple at the top |
| cuneiform | a writing system developed by the Sumerians that used wedge-shaped marks |
| scribe | an official record keeper |
| tribute | a forced payment made to a ruler (as a sign of submission) |
| province | a territory governed as a political district of a country or empire |
| stylus | an ancient writing implement, consisting of a small rod with a pointed end for scratching letters on wax-covered tablets |
| obscure | not discovered or known about; uncertain |
| calendar | a chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year, or giving particular seasonal information |
| algebra | the part of mathematics in which letters and other general symbols are used to represent numbers and quantities in formulae and equations |
| astronomy | the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole |
| palace | the official home of a monarch or other powerful person |
| epic | a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation |
