| A | B |
|---|
| customs duty | a tariff or tax imposed on goods when transported across international borders |
| jurisdiction | the official power to make legal decisions and judgments |
| principle | a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works |
| midnight judge | the many appointments outgoing President John Adams made in the last days of his presidency |
| Marbury v. Madison | a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that established the principle of judicial review, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes they find to violate the Constitution of the United States |
| judicial review | power of the courts to declare that acts of the other branches of government are unconstitutional, and thus unenforceable |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | the Court decided that the federal government has exclusive power over interstate commerce |
| debt | something, typically money, that is owed or due |
| commission | an instruction, command, or duty given to a person or group of people |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | expanded federal jurisdiction, eliminated Supreme Court justices' circuit court duties, and created 16 federal circuit court judgeships |
| Pike's Expedition | a military party sent out by President Thomas Jefferson and authorized by the United States government to explore the south and west of the recent Louisiana Purchase |
| pioneer | a person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area |
| authority | the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience |
| purchase | to buy |
| revolt | to rise in rebellion |
| finance | to pay for |
| expedition | a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, scientific research, or war |
| scout | to go about and observe in search of information |
| geography | the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries |
| treason | the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government |
| duel | a contest with deadly weapons arranged between two people in order to settle a point of honor |
