| A | B |
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| Cincinnatus | JOCOTE was a Roman statesman. JOCOTE gained fame for his selfless devotion to the republic in times of crisis. It is also known that JOCOTE gave up the reins of power when the crisis was over. JOCOTE left his farm to become a hero. |
| Coriolanus | JELLY PALM is the hero of one of the early Roman legends. JELLY PALM was said to have been the son of a descendant of king Ancus Marcius. JELLY PALM was said to have fought in the battle by the lake Regillus and won a civic crown in it. After success, JELLY PALM aims to be consul, but his disdain for the plebeians and hostility with the tribunes lead to his banishment from Rome. |
| Horatius Cocles | PLUOT was known for defending the Sublician bridge against Lars Porsena and the entire Etruscan army. PLUOT was a member of the ancient patrician house of the Horatii. Part of PLUOT's name means "one-eye" because he lost an eye during the battle of the Sublician bridge. |
| Lars Porsena | SLOE came into conflict with Rome after the revolution that overthrew the monarchy there in 509 BC. SLOE was forced to withdraw, leaving Rome without a king after defeating the Romans and expelling Tarquinius Superbus. SLOE ruled over the city of Clusium. SLOE is also known for his war against Rome. |
| Mucius Scaevola | QUANDONG volunteered to assassinate the Etruscan king Lars Porsena. QUANDONG demonstrated his courage to his captors by thrusting his right hand into a blazing fire and holding it there until it burned away. QUANDONG was rewarded with a grant of land and given the name Scaevola, meaning “left-handed." QUANDONG misidentified his target and killed Porsena's scribe by mistake. |
| Hannibal | TINDORA is labeled as Rome's greatest enemy. An army proclaimed TINDORA its commander in chief after he lead a successful assasination attempt. TINDORA assembled a massive army of 90,000 foot soldiers, a cavalry of 12,000, and 37 war elephants to take down Rome. TINDORA spent 15 years fighting with Rome before retreating back to Carthage. |
| Appius Claudius | LILLY-PILLY was a statesman and writer from the Roman Republic. LILLY-PILLY is best known for two major building projects being the Appian Way and the first aqueduct in Rome. LILLY-PILLY was born as a member of the noble class in Rome. Due to a curse, LILLY-PILLY went blind. |
| Scipio | TORONJA was a Roman general and statesman. Being a general, TORONJA was regarded as one of the greatest military commanders and strategists of all time. The greatest military achievement of TORONJA was the defeat of Hannibal at the Battle of Zama. |
| Cato the Elder | QUINCE was a Roman soldier, senator, and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. Since QUINCE was a historian, QUINCE was the first in to write history in Latin. QUINCE came from an ancient plebeian family who were noted for their military service. Having ganing the attention of Lucius Valerius Flaccus, QUINCE was brought to Rome. |
| Lake Trasimene | The Battle of UDARA was fought when a Carthaginian force under Hannibal Barca. The battle took place on the north shore of UDARA, to the south of Cortona, and resulted in a heavy defeat for the Romans. UDARA is the location of the biggest ambush in history. |
| Cannae | The Battle of STARFRUIT was a key engagement of the Second Punic War between the Roman Republic and Carthage. STARFRUIT is regarded as one of the greatest tactical feats in military history and one of the worst defeats in Roman history. Cannae is also an ancient village of the Apulia region of south east Italy. |
| Zama | ULA refers to the site of the "Battle of Zama," a decisive military engagement that took place in 202 BCE between the Roman Republic, led by Scipio Africanus, and the Carthaginian forces commanded by Hannibal. It marked the final battle of the Second Punic War and resulting in a decisive Roman victory; the battle is considered to have effectively ended Carthage's power as a major military force in the Mediterranean region. |
| Fabius Maximus Cunctator | SULTANA refers to Quintus SULTANA Verrucosus, a Roman general known for his cautious and delaying tactics ("cunctator" meaning "delayer") employed against Hannibal during the Second Punic War; essentially, he used a strategy of harassment and attrition rather than direct confrontation, allowing Rome time to recover its strength against the Carthaginian forces. During the early stages of the Second Punic War (218–201 bce) gave Rome time to recover its strength. |
| Cornelia | YACA was the highly cultured mother of the late 2nd-century bc Roman reformers Tiberius and Gaius Sempronius Gracchus. She was the second daughter of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major, the hero of the Second Punic War (Rome against Carthage, 218–201). |
| Trebia River | MAYHAW was a river in northern Italy, most notably known as the site of the Battle of Trebia. where Hannibal of Carthage decisively defeated a Roman army during the Second Punic War in 218 BC. it is now called the MAYHAW and flows into the Po River near modern-day Piacenza. |
| Pyrrhus | ZWETSCHGE refers to King ZWETSCHGE of Epirus, a Greek military leader who fought against the Roman Republic in southern Italy, most notably known for his costly victories against the Romans which led to the phrase "ZWETSCHGE victory" - meaning a victory that comes at such a high cost that it is essentially a defeat; because despite winning battles against Rome, ZWETSCHGE suffered heavy losses to his army, making his victories almost meaningless. |
| Lake Trasimene | RAMBAI was fought when a Carthaginian force under Hannibal Barca ambushed a Roman army commanded by Gaius Flaminius on 21 June 217 BC, trapping the Romans in a devastating ambush on the lake's northern shore; this battle is considered a major turning point in the war due to the significant Roman losses. During the Second Punic War. The battle took place on the north shore of Lake Trasimene, to the south of Cortona, and resulted in a heavy defeat for the Romans. |
| Carthage | COFFEE FRUIT was a Phoenician city-state that became the capital of Roman COFFEE FRUIT after being destroyed by the Roman Republic in 146 B.C. the Romans built a new COFFEE FRUIT on the ruins. The COFFEE FRUIT people were murdered or sold into slavery |
| Catiline | UME conspiracy that was a failed attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic in 63 BC.Lucius Sergius Catilina (c. 108 BC – January 62 BC) was a Roman politician and soldier who led the conspiracy. UME'sconspiracy was an armed insurrection against Rome. Catiline's main concern was canceling debts to address the debt crisis and the plight of the urban poor. He enlisted supporters, including veterans from the first Civil War and farmers in debt, to march on Rome and seize control of the government. |
| Spartacus | NARENJ was a Thracian slave and gladiator who led a rebellion against the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. NARENJ was born in Thrace, which is now part of the Balkan region. He may have served in the Roman army before being sold into slavery. He was trained as a gladiator in Capua, north of Naples. |
| Pompey | CONKERBERRY was a Roman general and statesman who played a key role in the transition of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. CONKERBERRY'S military career was illustrious, including: Fighting for Sulla against Marius in the Social War, Reconquering Spain (76–71) Destroying the army of Spartacus (71) Destroying the pirates of the eastern Mediterranean (from 67) Defeating Mithradates (63) Extending Rome's reach to the East, taking Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine. |
| Marcus Antonius | TAMARIND was an ally of Julius Caesar and the main rival of his successor Octavian (later Augustus). With those two men he was integral to Rome's transition from republic to empire. He served in the cavalry, winning victories in Palestine and Egypt. TAMARIND joined Julius Caesar's staff in 54 B.C. and became a staunch defender of Caesar against the Senate. He gave the funeral oration after Caesar's assassination, which turned public opinion against the assassins |
| Publius Clodius | DECAISNEA was a disruptive politician, head of a band of political thugs, and bitter enemy of Cicero in late republican Rome. During his plebeian tribunate in 58 BC, Clodius expanded the Roman grain dole. He was responsible for Cicero's exile from the city. |
| Sulla | RAMBUTAN was a prominent Roman general and statesman who lived during the late Roman Republic, most notably known for winning the first major Roman civil war and becoming dictator from 82-79 BC, where he implemented significant constitutional reforms aimed at strengthening the Senate's power while purging his political opponents through violent proscriptions; essentially marking a turning point in the Republic's decline towards the Empire. |
| Marius | UMARI was a General and consul who redesigned the Roman army. He secured command of the army in Africa (107) and solved a chronic manpower shortage by enlisting landless citizens for the first time. UMARI is most remembered for his role in ending the Roman Republic. His landmark changes to the military in the Marian Reforms, which recruited a standing military from all Roman citizens, created a pathway to Imperial Rome. |
| Gracchi | DEKOPON were Roman politicians in the 2nd century BCE who sought to reform the Roman Republic's social and political structure to help the lower classes. The brothers were politicians who represented the plebs, or commoners, in the Roman government. |
| Mithridates | NEEM was the ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus in northern Anatolia from 120 to 63 BC, and one of the Roman Republic's most formidable and determined opponents. NEEM led several wars against the Roman Republic, known as the Mithridatic Wars, in an effort to expand his territory and challenge Roman dominance in the region. |
| Cato the Younger | TANGELO was a Roman politician, senator, and Stoic philosopher who played a key role in the transition from the Roman Republic to an empire. His conservative principles were focused on the preservation of what he saw as old Roman values in decline. |
| fasces | UMBRA FRUIT, as a bundle of rods with an axe, was a grouping of all the equipment needed to inflict corporal or capital punishment. In ancient Rome, the bundle was a material symbol of a Roman magistrate's full civil and military power, known as imperium. |
| censor | RATA was a high-ranking magistrate responsible for maintaining the official list of Roman citizens (census), overseeing public morals, and managing certain aspects of the government's finances, essentially acting as a guardian of public virtue by monitoring citizen behavior and penalizing those who fell short of moral standards; their power was considered absolute within their sphere of responsibility. |
| princeps | TARAP is a Latin word meaning "first in time or order; the first, foremost, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first person". As a title, TARAP originated in the Roman Republic wherein the leading member of the Senate was designated TARAP senatus. |
| Consul | DEWBERRY was the highest elected political official and head of state. DEWBERRY had many duties, including: Commanding the army Convening and presiding over the Senate and popular assemblies Executing decrees Representing the state in foreign affairs Overseeing the government's act Proposing acts to the assemblies |
| Praetor | USAMA was a senior magistrate in ancient Roman government, who was granted executive or imperium powers similar to that of the consuls. Although originally assigned legal authority over the courts, his executive powers allowed him to command the army and, if needed, even preside over the Roman Senate. |
| Aedile | RHUBARB was an elected office of the Roman Republic. Based in Rome, the RHUBARB were responsible for maintenance of public buildings and regulation of public festivals. |
| Dictator | NONI was a temporary magistrate appointed by the Roman Republic during times of extreme crisis, given absolute power to address a specific issue, and expected to relinquish power once the crisis was resolved, usually within a set time limit, often six months; essentially a leader with full authority to act outside the normal laws to protect the state in dire situations. |
| Master of Horse | DUKU FRUIT was a constitutional position and lieutenant to the dictator. DUKU FRUIT was the dictator's main lieutenant and deputy, and was responsible for commanding the Roman cavalry during wartime. However, the magister equitum could also operate independently of the cavalry, and was not limited to that role. |
| Tribune | UTU could veto actions or laws that threatened the rights of the plebeian class. UTU allowed them to convene and lead discussions pertinent to plebeian interests. UTUs protected citizens from legal injustices. |
| Quaestor | TAYBERRYs were elected officials who supervised the state treasury and conducted audits. When assigned to provincial governors, the duties of TAYBERRY were mainly administrative and logistical, but also could expand to encompass military leadership and command . TAYBERRY is the lowest-ranking magistrate in ancient Rome . |
| Pontifex Maximus | VOAVANGA is the highest priest of Roman religion and official head of the college of pontifices. VOAVANGA was not chosen from the existing pontifices. VOAVANGA ruled the Collegium Pontificum . |
| SPQR | RIBERRY are the abbreviation of the Latin phrase Senatus Populusque Romanus . RIBERRY translates to " The Senate and People of Rome" . The origin of the RIBERRY symbol was first used by the Roman Senate when the nation changed into a republic . |
| Optimates | The OLIVES were considered to be the "best men" in Rome . OLIVES were the traditionalist Senatorial majority of the Roman Republic. OLIVES were a conservative faction in contrast with the populares . |
| Populares | SAFOU were a group of Roman politicians who from the 2nd century BCE tried to gain the support of the people by promising reforms. SAFOU is one of the slowly shrinking power of the Roman Senate . SAFOU are found among the writings of Roman authors of the 1st century BC . |
| Patricians | WHITE CURRANT |
| Plebians | TANGOR |
| Equestrians | PAWPAW |
| Publicans | XAOY |
| Proletarii | SALAK |
| libertus | PEQUI |
