| A | B |
|---|
| Supreme Court judges | Justices |
| How many judges are on the Supreme Court? | 9 Justices |
| Justices are appointed for how long? | Life |
| Justices are appointed by whom? | The President |
| Justice appointments must be approved by _____________. | The Senate |
| Majority Opinion | The decision and reasoning about a Supreme Court case that most of the judges agreed with. |
| Dissenting Opinion | The opinion of a justice or justices that disagree with the majority opinion. |
| Concurring Opinion | The opinion of a Supreme Court Justice who agrees with the majority decision but for different reasons. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that slaves were the property of their own even in free territory. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | The Court ruled that segregation was constitutional as long as facilities were equal. |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | The Court interpreted the commerce clause to mean that Congress had the power to define what commerce is. |
| NLRB v. Jones | In this case, the Court ruled that Congress may make laws about things that AFFECT interstate commerce, greatly expanding Congress's power in influencing the economy. |
| Roe v. Wade | In this case, the Court ruled that the right to an abortion was protected by the 14th Amendment. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | In this case, the Court overtunred Plessy v. Ferguson |
| Brown v. Board of Education | In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation is unconstitutional because separating students by race makes them feel inferior |
| Segregation | Separation of people by a chosen factor, for example, race. |
| Precedent | A legal decision that is used as an example for deciding later, similar cases. |
| All lower courts must follow the ____________ set by the Supreme Court | Precedent |
| Overturn | To reverse |
| Overturn | The Supreme Court may _____________ its previoius decisions, like it did in Brown v. Board of Education |
| Miranda v. Arizona | In this case, the Court ruled that due process requires that arrestees be read their legal rights. |
| Miranda Rights | The rights read when a person is arrested, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney |
| Judicial review | The power of the Supreme Court to interpret the words of the Constitution and review laws to see if they comply with it. |
| Marbury v. Madison | This case gave the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review |
| Prior Restraints | Limits on speech before it is said/printed. This type of restriction is rarely allowed because it eliminates the right to speak completely |
| Fighting words | Words which by their very utterance cause injury or violence. They are not protected by the first amendment. |
| Pico v. Board of Education | Said library books cannot be banned from a library because intellectual speech and learning is highly protected. |
| Tinker v. Des Moines | In this case, the Court ruled that black armbands were symbolic speech and protected by the first amendment. |
| Symbolic, written and verbal | What are the 3 types of speech? |
| Chaplinsky v. US | This case involved fighting words, which are not protected speech. |
| US v. Johnson | In this case, the Court ruled that flag buring is symbolic speech and is protected. |
| Pentagon Papers | Top secret documents leaked to a journalist about American involvement in Vietnam which the government attempeted to halt the publishing of. |
| Flag burning | This controversial form of symblic speech was upheld in Texas v. Johnson |
| Intellectual Speech | This type of speech includes having access to learning materials. |
| Supreme Court | This court is the hightest court in the United States. |
| False | True or False: Separate but equal facilities are constitutional. |
| 14th Amendment or Equal Protection | Both Plessy and Brown claimed this constitutional right violation. |
| False | True or False: There has never been a female Supreme Court Justice. |
| Supreme Court | The ________________ sets precedent that all lower courts must follow. |
| limits | States may put ____________ on abortion, for example requiring that minors inform their parents of the procedure. |
| Yates v. US | Said that political speech was highly protected because it is essential to democracy |
