| A | B |
|---|
| Diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Concentration gradient | the difference in the concentration of molecules across a space |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space. |
| passive transport | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the input of any energy from the cell |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| hypotonic | when the concentration of water molecules is higher outside a cell and lower in the cytosol |
| hypertonic | when the concentration of water molecules is lower outside the cell then in the cytosol. |
| isotonic | when the concentration of water molecules is the same outside the cell as it is in the cytosol |
| turgor pressure | the pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall |
| plasmolysis | when cells shrink and turgor pressure is lost |
| cytolysis | when cells swell and may eventually burst. |
| facilitated diffusion | the movement of molecules down the concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins |
| solution | a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance |
| solute | the substance dissolved in the solution. |
| solvent | the substance in which the solute is dissolved |
| active transport | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane with an input of energy from the cell |
| endocytosis | the process by which cells ingest fluids or large particles |
| exocytosis | the process by which cells release large molecules |
| pinocytosis | the process of ingesting fluids |
| phagocytosis | the process of ingesting large, solid particles. |
| selectively permeable membrane | a membrane that keeps out some molecules but allows others to pass. |
| homeostasis | the stable internal conditions of a living thing. |
| Brownian Motion | the random movement of minute particles in a fluid |
| absolute zero | The point at which the movement(shaking) of atoms or molecules in all matter are the slowest they can possibly be. |
| concentration | The amount of solute per unit volume of solvent |
