| A | B |
|---|
| genotype | particular set of genes that a person inherits from parents |
| phenotype | visible expression of the persons particular physical and behavioral characteristics |
| chromosomes | threadlike structures int eh nucleus, carry genetic info |
| meiosis | process by which a germ cell divides to make a new one. |
| crossing over | process which equivalent sections of homologous chrom. switch places shuffling the gen. info |
| mitosis | body cell divides in two. duplicating cells to create 46 |
| autosomes | 22 paired non sex chromosomes |
| nucleotide | compounds contain a nitrogen base a simlpe sugar and a phosphate |
| gene | codes for production of certain kinds of proteins |
| allele | alternate form of gene. |
| heterozygous | desribing the state of an individual whose alleles from e parent are different |
| hemophilia | disorder caused by x linked recessive gene in which blood fails to clot |
| modifier genes | genes that exert influence directly. |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | disease cause by recessive allele that fails to metablize p. damages the nervous system |
| sickle cell anemia | blood. recessive gene. become distorted with no oxygen |
| down syndrome | chromosome abnormality in which person suffers physically and mentally. |
| Turner syndrome | abnormal sex chrom. in females can lead to sterility |
| Klinefelters syndrome | chorom. abn. where male inherits extra x choromosome, gets female characteristics |
| fragile X syndrome | males X chrom. is narrowed in some areas leading to a variety of physical, psyhco, and social problems |
| amniocentesis | technique for sampling and assessing fetal ells for abnorm. needle amnitoic fluid |
| Huntington disease | genetically cause fatal disorder of the nervous system |
| ultrasound | technique that uses sound waves to visualize deep body structures |
| range of reaction | a humans genetic makeup has a range of dev. possibilites |
| canalization | genetic restriction of phenotype to a small # of dev. outcomes |
| niche picking | seeking or creating environ. that are compatible w ones own predispositions |
| human behavior genetics | study of the relative influences of heredity & environ. on evoultion of traits |
| heritability factor | a statistical estimate of the contrib. made by heredity of trait |
| monozygotic | characterizing identical twins |
| dizygotic | fraternal twins |
| temperament | indiv. typical mode of response to environment |
| psychopathology | psychological and behavioral disfunction as it occurs in mental disorders |
| concordance rate | percentage in which one characteristics by 1 member of twin pair |
| zygote | developing organism from the time of union sperm and egg |
| embryo | dev. organism between 2-8week |
| amniotic sac | membrane containing watery fluid that encloses developing organism |
| placenta | fleshy disklike sructure formed by cells in the lining, protection |
| umbilical cord | tube w blood vessels .carries oxygen and nutrients to infant and removes CO2 |
| fetus | 3rd month of gestation, bodily structures and systems become complete |
| lanugo | soft hair that covers fetus 5th month |
| respiratory distress syndrome | labored breathing and bluish discolorations |
| age of viability | 28-birth. if born premature has best chance of survival |
| teratogen | environmental agent (drug,medication,diet) may cause dev. deviations. threatening in the embryonic stage |
| Rh factor compatibilty | infants blood doesnt match the mother |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | disorder of infants of alcoholoic mothers |
| diethystilbestrol (DES) | synthetic hormone once prescribed for pregnangt women to prevent misscariage but was bad. |
| thalidomide | drug once prescribed to relieve morning sickness discontinued when found to cause seroius malformation of fetus |
| anoxia | a lack of oxygen in brain cells |
| preterm | premature baby who is born before sue date and whose weight is less than that of full tern infant may be apporpriate to its gestational age |
| small for date | premature baby who is born close to due date, but less than appropiate age |
