| A | B |
|---|
| genetics | science of biological inheritance |
| homozygous | having identical alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
| allele | one of two or more alternate forms of a gene |
| genotype | describes the genes of an organism |
| phenotype | describes the appearance of a trait |
| dominant | allele that can cover up a recessive allele |
| probability | chance of an event happening |
| mutation | genetic change in the DNA |
| genetic disorder | harmful mutation produced by a gene or chromosome |
| sex linked inheritance | genes carried on the sex chromosomes |
| Punnett square | a way to predict the different type of offspring in a cross |
| Law of Segregation | when alleles separate during meiosis |
| Law of Independent Assortment | the law that states that different traits do not affect the inheritance of other traits Anaphase I |
| heredity | passing of traits from one generation to the next |
| monohybrid cross | cross between two organisms that involve observing the inheritance of one trait |
| dihybrid cross | cross between two individuals that involve observing the inheritance of two traits |
| Mendel | father of modern genetics |
| nondisjunction | when two chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis |
| monosomy | missing one chromosome in a pair |
| trisomy | having an extra chromosome in a pair (3) |
| translocation | a piece of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome |
| cystic fibrosis | genetic disorder involving a gene mutation of the sodium channel protein |
| sickle cell anemia | gene mutation involving hemoglobin in red blood cell |
| incomplete dominance | when two different alleles together produce an intermediate (blended) phenotype |
| co-dominance | both genes in a heterozygote are expressed |
| polygenic inheritance | when more than one set of alleles control a trait |
| pedigree | a record of inheritance patterns through several generations |
| hemophilia | X-linked disorder, blood does not clot properly |
| Huntington disorder | autosomal dominant, loss of motor control and memory loss |
| recessive | trait must be homozygous in order to be expressed |
