| A | B |
|---|
| Rhea Silva | mother of Romulus and Remus |
| Romulus | first king of Rome |
| Numa Pompilius | second king of Rome |
| Ancus Marcius | legendary fourth of the Kings of Rome |
| Tarquinius Superbus | seventh and final king of Rome |
| Tarquinus Priscus | fifth king of Rome |
| Remus | killed by his twin brother |
| Sabine Women | abductuion of young women |
| Tarquinius Sextus | son to the last king of Rome |
| Lucretia | raped by Sextus Tarquinius |
| Brutus | obtained the support of the Roman aristocracy and the people to expel the king and his family to insttute a repubic |
| Faustulus | shepherd who found Romulus and Remus |
| Numitor | father of Rhea Silivia |
| Aemilianus | obtainied an important victory against the invading Goths |
| Collatinus | one of the first two consuls of Roman Republic |
| Horatius Cocles | defended the Pons Sublicius from invading army of Lars |
| Mucius Scaevola | he saved Rome from conquest by the Etruscan king Lars Porsena |
| Lars Porsena | ruled over the city of Clusium |
| Servius Tullius | sixth king of rome |
| Tarpeia | vestal virgin who betrayed the city of Rome to the Sabines |
| Egeria | she imparted laws and rituals pertaining to ancient Roman religion |
| Tullus Hostilius | succeeded Numa Pompilius |
| Agrippa | Helped beat Mark Antony; created the first Patheon |
| Augustus | The first Roman Emperor; Introduced peace |
| Claudius | Began the invasion of Britain; emperor from 41 to 54 |
| Constantine | First emperor to convert to Christianity; ruled from 306-337 a.d |
| Domitian | Brother of Titus; Reigned for fifteen years |
| Galba | Governor of Hispania Tarraconensis; Rebelled against Julius Vindex |
| Hadrian | Ended Roman Expansion; Known for building projects; rebuilt the Patheon and built Hadrian's wall |
| Livia | First Empress of Rome; Wife of Augustus |
| Maecenas | Political advisor to Octavian; built famous gardens |
| Marcus Aurelius | Roman Philosopher; Well-respected; born in Italy |
| Nero | Last emperor of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty |
| Octavian | Defeated Antony and Cleopatra in The Battle of Actium |
| Tiberius | Ruled the Roman Empire from 14 to 37; Succeded Augustus; became a Julian |
| Titus | Emperor from 79 to 81; completed the Colosseum |
| Trajan | Known for military expansion in Rome; annexed the Nabataean Kingdom |
| Vespasian | Founded the Flavian dynasty; the younger brother of titus |
| Catiline | He was a Roman patrician, soldier, and senator, best known for his attempt to overthrow the power of the aristocratic senate of the Roman Republic after Cicero's succes at winning consulship. |
| Spartacus | He was a Thracian gladiator who led a major slave revolt against the Roman Republic known as the Third Servile War. |
| Pompey | Member of the Third Trimuvirate, military and political leader of the late Roman Republic. Went to war with Julius Caesar and lost in the war of Pharsalus in August 9th 48 BCE. |
| Marcus Antonius | He was a Roman politician and general. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from an oligarchy into the autocratic Roman Empire, both he and Cleopatra suffered defeat by Octavian Augustus. |
| Publius Clodius Pulcher | He was a Roman patrician and a politician. He is remembered for his feud with Cicero and Titus Annius Milo, whose bodyguards murdered him on the Appian Way. |
| Sulla | He was a Roman general and statesman. He held the office of consul twice, as well as reviving the dictatorship. He helped capture Jugurtha, an enemy of Rome.He fought in the war of allies. When he returned from he war he slaughtered many Italians. |
| Marius | He was a Roman general and statesman. He also was victor of the Cimbric and Jugurthine wars and he held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. Also he was noted for his important reforms of Roman armies. He was Julius Ceasar's uncle. |
| Gracchi | Roman brothers who tried to reform the social and political structure of Rome to try and help the lower class.The brothers were also politicians who represented the plebs, or commoners, in the Roman government. |
| Mithridates | He was king of Pontus and Armenia Minor in northern Anatolia from about 120 to 63 B.C.E. |
| Cato the Younger | A defender of the Roman Republic, he forcefully opposed Julius Caesar and was known as the highly moral, incorruptible, inflexible supporter of the Optimates. When it became clear at the Battle at Thapsus that Julius Caesar would be the political leader of Rome, he comitted suicide. |
| fasces | It was a bound bundle of wooden rods, sometimes including an axe with its blade emerging. Its origin was in the Etruscan civilization and was passed on to ancient Rome. It then symbolized a magistrate's power and jurisdiction. |
| Censor | One of two elected officials that were in charge of assessing property, determining the order of society to which each citizen beloged, fixing the eligibility of senators, and maintaining high standards of morality. Served a term of 18 months and were elected every 5 years. |
| Princeps | Title given to the Emperor during the Roman Empire. |
| Consul | It is one of the two elected chief executives who jointly ruled the republic. Position was held for 1 year. Able to command the army. |
| Praetor | One of eight others. Their chief duty was to serve judges in court. Able to command armies and go out to serve smaller provinces called propraetors. Served for one year. |
| Aedile | They were in charge of maintenance of public buildings. They were also responsible for care of the games. XT |
| Dictator | Used in times of extreme public danger. Was appointed supreme power for a period of 6 months. |
| Master of Horse | It is the third dignitary of the court, and is always a member of the ministry. Also it is a peer and a privy councillor. But, every nation had a different impotance. |
| Tribune | It was a title given to 10 elected officials in Roman government. Held title for 1 year. Had the power to veto any law passed by senate or assemblies. |
| Quaestor | One of 20 elected individuals that served as public treasurers. In charge of public revenue, spending, and for paying the armies. |
| Pontifex Maximus | Highest priest of the Roman Republic. |
| SPQR | It is an abbreviation for the Roman republic standing for Senātus Populusque Rōmānus. |
| Optimates | Members of the highest, wealthiest class. Generally members of the senate during the Roman Republic. |
| Populares | Elite class below the optimates that advocated for the plebs. |
| Patricians | They were the wealthy upper class people. Also they were the ruling class of the early Roman Empire. But only certain families were part of the this class. They had to be born into this class. |
| Plebians | Common people, lower social class. They had limited political power. |
| Equestrians | This class was originally composed of the Roman cavalry. However, they took on more commercial roles when Lex Claudia prevented Senators from becoming involved in trade or business. |
| Publicans | Built or maintained public buildings, supplied armies overseas, or collected certain taxes, particularly those supplying money to the state. |
| Proletarii | Workers or working-class people. |
| Libertus | These were the freed men and women. |
| Cincinnatus | Famous farmer and fierce leader |
| Coriolanus | Roman who was prevented from marching on Rome by his moter Vetria |
| Horatius Cocles | Defended the bridge across the Tiber against Ethruscans |
| Lars Porsena | King of Ethruscan town and the downfall of the Roman monarchy |
| Mucius Scaevola | Burned his hand off |
| Hannibal | General of Cathrage Army; led army across the Alps |
| Appius Claudius | Legal Expert; built Rome's first aqueduct |
| Scipio | Roman General; defeated Hannibal in battle of Zama |
| Cato the Elder | Roman Statesman; known for conservative behavior |
| Lake Trasimene | major battle of Punic War; Hannibal defeated Romans |
| Zama | Last Punic War Battle; victory of the Romans |
| Fabius Maximus Cunctator | The Delayer, successful general, delaying tactics against Hannibal |
| Cornelia | Second daughter of Pubilus Cornelius Scipio Africanus |
| Trebia River | First major battle of the Second Punic War, Carthaginans defeated Romans |
| Pyrrhus | King of Epirus; greatest military commanders of his time |
| Carthage | great city of antiquity; founded by the Phoenicians of Tyre |
| Catiline | Tried to overthrow Republic; Died to Cicero's army |
| Spartacus | leader in gladiatoral war; started a army with slaves |
| Pompey | Opposed Caesar; died after the battle of Pharsalus |
| Marcus Antonius | Defeated by Octavian; left Rome for Cleopatra |
| Publius Clodius | Nemesis of Cicero; Killed by Milo |
| Sulla | first man to use the army for personal autocracy |
| Marius | Held consul seven times |
| Gracchi | brothers who represented plebs |
| Mithridates | King of Pontus; one of Romans most hated enemy |
| Cato the Younger | Statesman; triedto obstruct Caesar’s agrarian legislation |
| fasces | bundle of rods; symbolized authority |
| censor | Took the census, collection of taxes in the provinces |
| princeps | First in time, chief, Roman government |
| Consul | commanded the Roman army; exercised the highest juridical power in the Roman empire |
| Praetor | Interpreted and applied the law; judicial branch |
| Aedile | Sponsored public games and festivals, four of them |
| Dictator | Roman office filled in times for extreme need of danger |
| Master of Horse | an office appointed and dismissed by the Roman Dictator; a term of six months in the early and mid-republic. |
| Tribune | Elected officials had power to veto |
| Quaestor | Public treasurers, twenty of them |
| Pontifex Maximus | Greatest chief priest, elected for life |
| SPQR | The Roman Senate and People; appeared on currency |
| Optimates | political groups; tried to uphold the oligarchy |
| Populares | political groups; support against the oligarchy |
| Patricians | important families or clans;formed a privileged class |
| Plebians | general citizenry; opposed privileged patrician |
| Equestrians | Plebeians who nobled themselves by entering the senate |
| Publicans | Public contractors, often supplied |
| Proletarii | lowest social clas; wage earners, labor work |
| libertus | former slave, freed men or women |
